Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-tj2md Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T05:17:43.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Politics of Police Violence in Democratic Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Abstract

More than a decade after Latin America's most recent turn to democracy, unchecked police violence and torture continue and in some cases have increased. This study examines police killings in 19 Brazilian states from 1994 to 2001 and finds that democracy has not substantially reduced these types of human rights violations, for two reasons. First, underlying social conflict has continued to exert a significant impact on the lethal use of force by police officers. Second, pro-order political coalitions, generally represented by right-wing politicians, have blocked effective measures to control police violence and have implemented public safety measures that stress the use of force. The analysis emphasizes the nonteleological nature of democratization processes and demonstrates the strength of political forces working to maintain “illiberal democracy.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ratton, Amorin Jr., José, Luiz de. 1996. Violência e crime no Brasil contemporâneo: homicídios e políticas de segurança pública nas décadas de 80 e 90. Brasília: Movimento Nacional de Direitos Humanos.Google Scholar
Bicudo, Hélio. 1994. Violência: O Brasil cruel e sem maquiagem. São Paulo: Editora Moderna.Google Scholar
Brazil. Ministry of Justice. 2002. National Public Security Plan 2002. <http://www.mj.gov.brSenaspsenasphome_estatisticas.htm>. Accessed February 15, 2003..+Accessed+February+15,+2003.>Google Scholar
Caldeira, Teresa. 2000. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in São Paulo. Berkeley: Unversity of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cano, Ignácio. 1997. Letalidade da ação policial no Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro: ISER.Google Scholar
Cano, Ignácio, and Santos, Nilton. 2001. Violência letal, renda e desigualidade social no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Letras.Google Scholar
Chevigny, Paul G. 1995. Edge of the Knife: Police Violence in the Americas. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Collier, David, and Munck, Gerardo L.. 2001. Introduction: Regimes and Democracy in Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 1: 3–6.Google Scholar
Collier, David, and Levitsky, Steven. 1997. Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research. World Politics 49: 430–51.Google Scholar
Davenport, Christian. 1995. Multi-Dimensional Threat Perception and State Repression: an Inquiry into Why States Apply Negative Sanctions. American Journal of Political Science 39: 683713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davenport, Christian.. 1999. Human Rights and the Democratic Proposition. Journal of Conflict Resolution 43, 1: 92–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Departamento de Informática do Sistema Unico de Saude (DATASUS). 2002. Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (Sim). <http://www.datasus.gov.br> Accessed January 25, 2002.+Accessed+January+25,+2002.>Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry. 1996. Democracy in Latin America: Degrees, Illusions, and Directions for Consolidation. In Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas, ed. Tom, Farer. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. 52104.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry, Hartlyn, Jonathan, Linz, Juan, and Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1999. Democracy in Developing Countries: Latin America. 2nd ed. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimenstein, Gilberto. 1996. Democracia em pedaços: direitos humanos no Brasil. São Paulo: Schwarca.Google Scholar
, Anthony, and Soares, Luiz Eduardo. 1998. Violência e criminalidade no estado do Rio de Janeiro: diagnóstico e propostas para uma política democrática de segurança pública. Rio de Janeiro: Hama.Google Scholar
Fein, Helen. 1995. More Murder in the Middle: Life-Integrity Violations and Democracy in the World. Human Rights Quarterly 17: 170–91.Google Scholar
Henderson, Conway W. 1991. Conditions Affecting the Use of Political Repression. Journal of Conflict Resolution 35, 1: 120–42.Google Scholar
Heywood, Andrew. 2003. Political Ideologies. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
James, Holston, and Caldeira, Terry P. R.. 1998. Democracy, Law, and Violence: Disjunctions of Brazilian Citizenship. In Fault Lines of Democracy In Post-Transition Latin America, ed. Agüero, Felipe and Stark, Jeffrey Coral Gables: North-South Center Press.Google Scholar
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Data on social indicators. <http://www.ibge.gov.br>..>Google Scholar
Jornal do Brasil (Rio de Janeiro). 2002. Serra elege a segurança pública como prioridade. June 17: A1.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, Meneguello, Rachel, and Power, Timothy. 2000. Partidos conservadores no Brasil contemporâneo: quais são, o que defendem, quais so suas bases. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.Google Scholar
Méndez, Juan, O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Pinheiro, Paulo Sérgio, eds. 1999. The (Un)rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Mesquita Neto, Paulo. 1999. Violência policial no Brasil: abordagens teóricas e prácticas de controle. In Cidadania, justiça e violência, ed. Pandolfi, D. Chaves et al. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Neil J., and McCormick, James M.. 1988. Economic and Political Explanations of Human Rights. World Politics 40, 4: 476–98.Google Scholar
Movimento Nacional de Direitos Humanos, Banco de Dados sobre Violênica (MNDH DBV). Database on violence. Brasília: MNDH.Google Scholar
Jairo Marconi, Nicolau. 1998. Dados eleitorais do Brasil (1982–1996). Rio de Janeiro: Editora Revan.Google Scholar
Núcleo de Estudos sobre a Violênica (NEV). 1993. Direitos humanos no Brasil. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. On the State, Democratization, and Some Conceptual Problems: a Latin American View with Glances at Some Postcommuist Countries. World Development 21, 8: 1355–69.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1998. Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies. Journal of Democracy 9, 3: 112–26.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1999. Polyarchies and the (Un)Rule of Law in Latin America: a Partial Conclusion. In Méndez, et al. 1999.Google Scholar
Mancur, Olson. 1963. Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force. Journal of Economic History 23: 529–52.Google Scholar
Pereira, Anthony W. 2000. An Ugly Democracy? State Violence and the Rule of Law in Postauthoritarian Brazil. In Democratic Brazil: Actors, Institutions, and Processes, ed. Power, Timothy J. and Kingstone, Peter R.. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Pesquisa Social Brasileira (PESB). 2002. Study conducted by the Universidade Federal Fluminense, coord. Alberto Carlos Almeida and Zairo Cheibub. Funding: Ford Foundation.Google Scholar
Paulo Sérgio, Pinheiro. 1996. Prefácio: O passado não está morto: nem passado ainda. in Dimenstein 1996.Google Scholar
Poe, Steven C., and Tate, Neal. 1994. Repression and Human Rights to Personal Integrity in the 1980s: a Global Analysis. American Political Science Review 88: 853–72.Google Scholar
Poe, Steven C., Tate, Neal, and Keith, Linda Camp. 1999. Repression of the Human Right to Personal Integrity Revisited: a Global Cross-National Study Covering the Years 1976–1993. International Studies Quarterly 43: 291313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Power, Timothy J. 2000. The Political Right in Postauthoritarian Brazil: Elites, Institutions, and Democratization. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE). 2002. Eleições 2002. <http://www.tse.gov.breleicoesindex.html> Accessed March 10, 2002.+Accessed+March+10,+2002.>Google Scholar